How to solve the hazards of waste lithium batteries?

What is a lithium battery

“Lithium battery” is a type of battery that uses lithium metal or lithium alloy as the negative electrode material and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution. Due to the very active chemical properties of lithium metal, the processing, storage, and use of lithium metal have very high environmental requirements. Lithium batteries have the advantages of high energy density, long service life, low self-discharge rate, and environmental protection. They are widely used in electronic products, electric vehicles, energy storage and other fields. However, lithium batteries also have some problems, such as overcharging, over-discharging, short circuit, high temperature and other problems that can cause the battery to burn or explode.

Once a lithium battery is damaged, it may release a relatively large current, which may cause a fire or other safety issues. Therefore, lithium batteries are classified as hazardous waste. However, lithium batteries can also be classified as solid waste. Because lithium batteries are solid in structure and contain a certain amount of metals and other materials, they are also solid waste.

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The hazards of discarded lithium batteries

1. Used batteries contain heavy metals such as mercury, cadmium, and manganese. Mercury is highly toxic, and the lead and acid electrolyte in lead-acid batteries also contain toxins. If these batteries are discarded at will, the mercury, cadmium, manganese and other heavy metals in the batteries will pollute the soil and water sources .

2. If people eat crops grown on contaminated land or drink contaminated water, these toxic heavy metals will enter the human body and slowly settle, posing a great threat to human health.

3. Lithium batteries are discarded daily and are exposed to the sun and rain. The electrolytes in the batteries will decompose into toxic gases under the action of sunlight and release into the atmosphere, causing harm to the environment and surrounding facilities.

Therefore, used batteries are harmful to the environment and need to be properly disposed of. If not handled properly, they may cause safety accidents such as fire or explosion.

The value of waste lithium batteries

The service life of lithium batteries is generally about three years. At present, there are more and more types of waste lithium batteries. When recycling, they need to be classified and processed. Different types of lithium batteries have different values. In fact, lithium batteries contain a large amount of metallic copper and lithium powder, which are expensive and scarce resources. The waste lithium batteries on the market are produced in the tens of millions of tons every year . If these are recycled, they will have extremely high commercial value.

Through crushing, valuable metals in used lithium batteries can be extracted and used to make new batteries or other uses. This not only reduces the cost of raw materials for new batteries, but also reduces the pressure on the exploitation of natural resources. In addition, used lithium batteries can be compressed into small pieces for easy transportation and storage. This helps reduce the accumulation of waste and alleviates pressure on the environment.

How should discarded lithium batteries be handled?

Lithium batteries have complex composition, poor biodegradability, are not easily biodegradable and have certain toxicity.
Treatment method for waste lithium batteries: First, discharge the remaining power in the waste lithium-ion batteries, then disassemble, separate, crush and pulverize the batteries, separate the diaphragm, shell and positive and negative electrode fragments, crush and winnow the positive and negative electrode sheets, and separate them to obtain copper and aluminum mixed metal particles, thus realizing the full value recovery of waste lithium batteries. The electrolyte of waste lithium batteries contains highly toxic, flammable, explosive and corrosive electrolytes and organic solvents.

Through the environmental protection application of waste lithium battery processing equipment, the goals of waste resource utilization, greening, harmlessness and conservation can be achieved. Its processing technology can extract valuable metals from waste lithium batteries, such as copper, aluminum, iron and other metals, which can be reused to create more value.

The resource recycling of these waste lithium batteries can not only reduce the pollution of waste batteries to the environment and bring significant social and environmental benefits, but also realize the full recycling and utilization of valuable components in waste lithium-ion batteries, thereby generating huge economic effects and achieving the sustainable development of waste lithium-ion batteries.

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